玻璃幕墙是一种外墙构造，虽然它的表现形式很多，但是它的本质上通常包括外层玻璃、通风的空气间层和内层玻璃。遮阳装置设置在通风的空气间层之中。除了玻璃的分层和遮阳设施的布置之外，玻璃幕墙主要以空气间层中气流状况为特征，换句话说，就是气流的驱动力和空气间层中通风的方向。玻璃幕墙维修公司(si)发(fa)现(xian)空(kong)气(qi)间层(ceng)中气(qi)流的通(tong)风驱动力可分(fen)为: 机械通(tong)风、自然通(tong)风、混合通(tong)风，而每个玻璃幕(mu)墙只有一种通(tong)风驱动力。

1、气候式外墙

气(qi)候式(shi)外墙是典型(xing)的(de)机械通(tong)风玻璃幕墙。通(tong)常在空(kong)气(qi)间层(ceng)的(de)外侧(ce)采用(yong)(yong)夹层(ceng)保温玻璃，内侧(ce)采用(yong)(yong)单层(ceng)平(ping)板玻璃。自动的(de)遮(zhe)阳(yang)设施(shi)可以安装在空(kong)气(qi)间层(ceng)中。空(kong)气(qi)间层(ceng)的(de)通(tong)风完全是以机械通(tong)风的(de)方式(shi)实现的(de)。

室内(nei)(nei)(nei)废(fei)气(qi)常常经(jing)过(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)层(ceng)玻璃底部的(de)(de)(de)(de)缝隙进入空气(qi)间(jian)层(ceng)，在(zai)内(nei)(nei)(nei)置(zhi)式风(feng)扇的(de)(de)(de)(de)驱动下(xia)，回(hui)流至通(tong)风(feng)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)。在(zai)有阳(yang)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)时候(hou)，遮阳(yang)设(she)(she)施(shi)( 百叶) 吸(xi)收来(lai)自(zi)太阳(yang)辐射的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)，通(tong)过(guo)在(zai)空气(qi)间(jian)层(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)风(feng)将热(re)(re)(re)量(liang)带走。当(dang)气(qi)候(hou)式外墙与建筑暖(nuan)通(tong)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)整合时，冬季(ji)遮阳(yang)设(she)(she)施(shi)( 百叶) 吸(xi)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)量(liang)可以通(tong)过(guo)间(jian)层(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)风(feng)送(song)至暖(nuan)通(tong)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)。热(re)(re)(re)量(liang)被(bei)暖(nuan)通(tong)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)回(hui)收后又可以用于预热(re)(re)(re)室内(nei)(nei)(nei)供风(feng)，给室内(nei)(nei)(nei)提供温暖(nuan)舒适的(de)(de)(de)(de)环境。

在采(cai)(cai)暖期间或太(tai)阳光(guang)较少的(de)(de)时(shi)候，由(you)于(yu)室内空(kong)气(qi)(qi)进(jin)入空(kong)气(qi)(qi)间层中(zhong)的(de)(de)缘故，内层玻璃的(de)(de)表面温度总是保持在接(jie)近室温的(de)(de)状(zhuang)况下，致使在玻璃幕墙的(de)(de)室内一(yi)侧、建筑(zhu)周边区域内使用(yong)者仍(reng)然有舒适的(de)(de)感觉。这(zhei)种(zhong)系(xi)统由(you)于(yu)室内热空(kong)气(qi)(qi)进(jin)入空(kong)气(qi)(qi)间层，可以(yi)减少外墙的(de)(de)传热损(sun)失，因此外层玻璃可以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)透明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)夹层玻璃，更好的(de)(de)利用(yong)天然采(cai)(cai)光(guang)，直接(jie)节省人(ren)工照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)能源，由(you)于(yu)减少人(ren)工照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)而降低了制(zhi)冷(leng)负荷

2、自然通风外墙(qiang)

自然(ran)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)又称为“被动式外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)”。玻璃幕墙(qiang)(qiang)的外(wai)层(ceng)常常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)单(dan)层(ceng)玻璃，内层(ceng)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)夹层(ceng)玻璃。空(kong)气(qi)间层(ceng)中的通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)是利(li)(li)用(yong)室外(wai)空(kong)气(qi)，通(tong)(tong)过(guo)自然(ran)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)的方式实(shi)现的。这是由于自然(ran)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)要(yao)利(li)(li)用(yong)风(feng)(feng)压作用(yong)和室外(wai)与空(kong)气(qi)间层(ceng)内部的温差(cha)、外(wai)层(ceng)表皮上的通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)口(kou)等来(lai)形(xing)成(cheng)热压作用(yong)( 烟囱效应(ying)) ，实(shi)现通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)。

室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)与空气(qi)(qi)间(jian)(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部有(you)较(jiao)大(da)(da)温差(cha)时(shi)，新鲜的室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)空气(qi)(qi)通(tong)过(guo)外(wai)(wai)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻璃(li)下(xia)方的进风(feng)(feng)口(kou)进入空气(qi)(qi)间(jian)(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。在空气(qi)(qi)间(jian)(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)空气(qi)(qi)受阳光影响变热、上升，通(tong)过(guo)外(wai)(wai)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻璃(li)上方的排气(qi)(qi)口(kou)排出至室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)，或通(tong)过(guo)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻璃(li)上的通(tong)风(feng)(feng)口(kou)进入室(shi)(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。空气(qi)(qi)间(jian)(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)温差(cha)越大(da)(da)，这种系(xi)统(tong)的通(tong)风(feng)(feng)效果越好(hao)。因此，利用(yong)(yong)烟囱效应进行(xing)自(zi)然通(tong)风(feng)(feng)的玻璃(li)幕墙不适(shi)合用(yong)(yong)于炎热气(qi)(qi)候中(zhong)。自(zi)然通(tong)风(feng)(feng)外(wai)(wai)墙还(hai)可以(yi)在高(gao)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)建筑中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)。由(you)于高(gao)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)建筑受风(feng)(feng)荷载影响较(jiao)大(da)(da)，双层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)幕墙的室(shi)(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)两侧有(you)较(jiao)大(da)(da)的风(feng)(feng)压差(cha)。当(dang)外(wai)(wai)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻璃(li)与内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻璃(li)都开有(you)通(tong)风(feng)(feng)口(kou)或窗时(shi)，室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)空气(qi)(qi)将通(tong)过(guo)空气(qi)(qi)间(jian)(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)流入室(shi)(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。

3、交互式外墙(qiang)

交互(hu)式外墙也是(shi)玻璃(li)幕(mu)墙的(de)一(yi)种(zhong)，其外层(ceng)(ceng)常(chang)采用(yong)夹(jia)层(ceng)(ceng)玻璃(li)，内层(ceng)(ceng)常(chang)采用(yong)单层(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)板玻璃(li)。空(kong)气间(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)中的(de)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)可以(yi)来(lai)自(zi)室内空(kong)气，也可以(yi)来(lai)自(zi)室外空(kong)气。关键的(de)是(shi)经过空(kong)气间(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)的(de)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)是(shi)以(yi)自(zi)然通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)为主，以(yi)机(ji)械通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)为辅，在空(kong)气间(jian)层(ceng)(ceng)中设置(zhi)微型(xing)风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)。

交(jiao)互式外(wai)墙(qiang)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)原理很像是自(zi)(zi)然通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)外(wai)墙(qiang)，但不(bu)同之处在(zai)于其通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)是辅助以机(ji)械通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)。这意味(wei)着该系统不(bu)仅仅只依(yi)赖(lai)烟囱(cong)效应和风(feng)(feng)压作用，还可(ke)以在(zai)室内外(wai)温差(cha)不(bu)大的(de)(de)炎热气(qi)候中正(zheng)常运行。因(yin)此，这种玻璃(li)幕(mu)墙(qiang)是有高制冷负(fu)荷(he)的(de)(de)炎热气(qi)候，或当制冷负(fu)荷(he)是主要关注因(yin)素的(de)(de)情况下，理想的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)外(wai)墙(qiang)。除(chu)了可(ke)以利(li)用太阳能热量的(de)(de)优点(dian)之外(wai)，该系统即使是在(zai)高层建筑中也能够利(li)用可(ke)开启的(de)(de)窗进行自(zi)(zi)然通(tong)(tong)风(feng)(feng)。